The Evolution of the Racial Gap in U.S. Life Expectancy
January 27, 2022
By Siddhartha Sanghi , Amy Smaldone
Population health in the United States has improved dramatically over the past century. At the beginning of 1900, a person born in the United States was expected to live 47.3 years, compared with 78.6 years in 2017. Life expectancy went down by about 28% from 1914 to 1918, as a result of World War I and the 1918 Spanish flu claiming 117,465 and about 675,000 American lives, respectively.
The past few decades have seen a plateauing of life expectancy of Americans along with a rise in deaths due to various causes—including Alzheimer, Parkinson and hypertension* and, more recently, suicide, alcoholism and drug overdose.1 And a new cause has emerged: As per the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the decrease in life expectancy by 1.5 years. How lasting are the effects of COVID-19 on U.S. life expectancy remains to be seen in the coming years.
Life expectancy is defined as the average number of years a person is expected to live given a certain age. Life expectancy at birth (LEB)2 in the United States from 1900 to 2017 is shown in the figure below (the blue line).
https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2022/january/evolution-racial-gap-us-life-expectancy
Comments