Pneumococcal disease significantly impacts health and economics in the United States. In 2017, the incidence in older adults was notable, and 2019 data show substantial direct medical expenses exceeding $17 billion in patients aged 18-79 years.
Significant racial disparities in pneumococcal disease exist between US Black and non-Black populations. Though these disparities are due primarily to variable exposure risk, predisposing risk factors, and healthcare disparities, Black populations also face longer hospitalizations and higher direct total medical costs.